Indian Constitution
The
system of fundamental principles according to which a nation, state,
corporation, or the like, is governed is known as Constitution of that
particular entity.
Indian constitution
is the world’s most detailed and the lengthiest constitution. It is present in
written form. It was adopted on 26 NOV, 1949 and came into effect on 26 JAN,
1950. The constitution was drafted by a constituent assembly whose chairman was
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar. He had studied the constitution of about 60 countries. He is
regarded as the “Father of Indian constitution”.
Salient features of
Indian Constitution: -
Ø Longest
written constitution in the world
Ø Constitution
of India replaced the Government of India Act, 1935.
Ø With
the enactment of the Constitution the dominion of India became the republic of
India.
Ø The day on which the constitution came into effect
is celebrated as ‘Republic Day’
Ø The constitution starts with a Preamble.
Ø It has 25 parts, 448 Articles, 12 schedules and 5
Appendices.
Ø It
has been amended 103 times.
Ø It
provides the Indian nation with a democratic form of government.
Ø it
establishes a parliamentary form of government.
Ø It
formulates a Quasi-Federal structure.
Ø It
is flexible in nature
Ø It
holds the provision of judicial Review this feature was borrowed from the
judicial review in the United States
Ø It
safeguards the rights of its citizens (fundamental Rights)
Ø Along
with these rights there are articles that deal with the Fundamental Duties
Ø The
constitution has been influenced from other countries in its making, for
example:
· Parliamentary government and Rule of Law – UK
· Bill of Rights, separation of powers – US
· Directive Principals of state policy – Ireland
· The basic ideals of liberty, equality &
Fraternity – France
· Quasi-federal structure – Canada
· Fundamental Duties – Soviet Union
· Emergency Provision – Germany
· To amend the constitution – Japan
Conclusion: -
Constitution of India is not a parchment or a piece of paper but it is a way of
life. It lays down the safeguarding features that protect its citizens liberty
and establishes equality and promotes fraternity. It directs the authorities to
govern properly.
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